Independent · non-commercial · evidence on tooth regeneration

Can humans grow a third set of teeth?

Human dentition normally stops after the baby teeth and the permanent teeth. Several research programs claim it does not have to. Third Teeth tracks what those claims are based on: what was actually measured, in which model, and as of what date.

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Screenprint triptych of three human teeth rendered as negative space against heavy grain, the third tooth cut from the paper's edge
Fig. 01A third dentition is plausible in development. Nothing has shown one in a person yet.
State of the fieldpass 4

Current pass · written 2026-10-25

Supersedes the pass of 2026-10-05. Superseded passes are kept, never edited.

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Ledger

Latest dated entries

  1. 2009-08-03

    Functional bioengineered tooth replacement in an adult mouse

    bioengineered-tooth-germ T2 · Animal result
  2. 2021-02-12

    Anti-USAG-1 antibody rescues tooth agenesis in mouse models (Science Advances)

    anti-usag-1-trg035 T2 · Animal result
  3. 2024-05-03

    Phase I first-in-human study of TRG-035 announced and registered (Kitano Hospital)

    anti-usag-1-trg035 T3 · Small or narrow human data

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Plate I

What it actually takes to build a tooth

Sepia lithograph showing a tooth bud, cap stage, and mature tooth rising through jaw tissue along curved engraved score lines
Plate IA crown alone is not a tooth. Enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, and ligament all have to form in the right sequence. That is the bar every regeneration program has to clear.

Analysis

Latest analysis

Literature

The Wnt agonist peptide L803-mts forms dentine at MTA-level mineral density in a rat pulp injury model, with half the mineral volume

October 29, 2026 · Rajasekar, Abdalla, Liang, Neelakantan, Yiu (2026), International Endodontic Journal

The Hong Kong group that last year tested L803-mts in cell dishes now reports inflamed co-cultures and a rat pulp injury model: mineral density comparable to MTA, significantly lower mineral volume, and macrophages pushed toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype.

Literature

A head-to-head review of SHEDs and DPSCs in cell-based pulp therapy finds promising animal data, one human histology case, and no evidence either cell type wins

October 28, 2026 · Baldeon-Gutierrez, Terajima, Hori and colleagues (2026), Journal of Clinical Medicine 15(20)

A Japanese narrative review comparing SHEDs and DPSCs for cell-based pulp therapy finds no winner: animal readouts split, human histology covers one re-traumatized tooth, and no SHED cell-based vital pulp therapy study exists.

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